San Diego

San Diego is the eighth-largest cityin the United States and second-largest city in California. The city is located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, immediately adjacent to the Mexican border. The birthplace of California,San Diego is known for its mild year-round climate, its natural deep-water harbor, and its long association with the U.S. Navy. The population was 1,301,617 at the 2010 census.

Historically home to the Kumeyaaypeople, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Cabrilloclaimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California200 years later. The Presidio and Missionof San Diego, founded in 1769, were the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of newly independent Mexico, and in 1850, became part of the United States following the Mexican-American Warand the admission of California to the union.

The city is the county seat of San Diego Countyand is the economic center of the San Diego–Carlsbad–San Marcos metropolitan areaas well as the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area. San Diego's main economic engines are military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, and manufacturing. The presence of the University of California, San Diego(UCSD), with the affiliated UCSD Medical Center, has helped make the area a center of research in biotechnology.
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